W świadomości zwykłych obywateli, ale też dietetyków, trenerów i lekarzy, funkcjonuje powszechny pogląd, że główną przyczyną odkładania się tłuszczu są węglowodany – szczególnie cukier oraz rafinowane produkty węglowodanowe (np. biały chleb).
Vitamin E - tocopherols and tocotrienols
These fat-soluble antioxidant compounds: Α-tocopherol (present in wheat germ oil, sunflower, and safflower oils) and γ-Tocopherol (occurring in corn oil, soybean oil, margarine, and dressings) possess powerful anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer qualities.
The adverse effect of eating food high in Vitamin E is not found, however high doses of Α-tocopherol supplement can cause hemorrhage and troubles with blood coagulation.
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-10)
A lipid-soluble endogenous substance resembling vitamin that extracts energy from food. It is claimed to be beneficial in preventing cancer, increasing longevity and revitalizing the immune system by reducing the oxidative stress. It also has neuroprotective properties - Q10 may be a useful treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
Coenzyme Q-10 production decreases with ageing in humans. To increase its plasma concentration it is recommended to implement the oral supplementation and increase its intake from foods.
The heartiest sources of coenzyme Q-10 are fatty fish, beef and poultry, peanuts, pistachios.
GLOSSARY
| longevity - długowieczność | to lower - obniżyć |
| free radicals – wolne rodniki | beta-carotene - beta karoten |
| mitochondria - mitochondria | L-ascorbic acid – kwas askorbinowy |
| evince - przejawiać, świadczyć | parsley - pietruszka |
| oxidative stress - stres oksydacyjny | bell pepper - papryka |
| nitrosative stress - stres nitrozacyjny | lesion – lezja (obrażenie, uszkodzenie) |
| oxidation – oksydacja, utlenianie | cornea - rógówka |
| endogenous - endogenny | tendons - ścięgna |
| nitric oxide – tlenek azotu | ligaments - wiązadła |
| reproductive - rozrodczy | cartilages - chrząstki |
| oxygen species – formy tlenu | trout - pstrąg |
| reactive nitrogen species - reaktywne formy azotu | shellfish – skorupiaki |
| molecular - cząsteczkowy, molekularny | mussels - małże |
| derive from – pochodzić od | cognitive - kognitywny |
| tocopherols - tokoferole | safflower - krokosz barwierski |
| tocotrienols - tokotrienole | dressing – sos, dressing |
| polyphenols - polifenole | dose - dawka |
| thiols - tiole | hemorrhage - krwotok |
| glutathione - glutation | ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-10) - ubichinon |
| ubiquinol-10 - ubichinol | resembling - przypominać |
| carotenoids - karotenoidy | revitalizing - rewitalizować, ożywiać |
| retinol - retinol | neurodegenerative - neurodegeneracyjny |
| chromatic - chromatyczny, barwny | heartiest – najbardziej obfity, krzepki |
| abusing - nadużywać | poultry - drób |
| carotene - karoten |
Put the following words and expressions into the proper gaps to make understandable sentences. (Ćwiczenie wraz z odpowiedziami dostępne w załącznikach do pobania)
ripeness polyphenols extract oxidative stress prebiotics cartilage genitourinary cholesterol-lowering
- …………. is a condition associated with chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
- Diets with high content of antioxidant ……….. are associated with low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
- Laboratories ……….. antioxidants occurring naturally in plants to enable consuming the needed amount at once.
- One of the degenerative changes in older age is losing ……… in joints, especially in hip and knee.
- Fruits of the same variation at different ……… levels show uneven amount of antioxidants.
- A diet rich in ……….. - inulin, fructooligosaccharides - includes foods such as leeks, chicory, garlic, endive, jerusalem artichoke and legumes.
- One of the functional …………foods are margarines containing plant sterols or stanols
- There is a significant increase in hospital admissions due to ……….tract complications in patients supplementing zinc at high levels.
